David Abram

David Abram

文化生態學家暨哲學家

關於

David Abram 是美國文化生態學家與哲學家,1957 年生於紐約。他以最優等成績畢業於衛斯理安大學,1993 年於紐約州立大學石溪分校取得博士學位,曾任哈佛神學院生態與自然哲學資深訪問學者,並擔任奧斯陸大學 Arne Næss 全球正義與生態講座教授。他的第一本書《The Spell of the Sensuous》(1996)主張:人類語言源自身體與活生生的大地之間的感官互惠——而拼音文字的出現,開始將語言從大地中抽離,封入一個自我指涉的符號迴路。他創造了「超越人類的世界」(the more-than-human world)一詞,如今已是環境人文領域的標準語彙。他從高中起就是手法魔術師,曾遊歷斯里蘭卡、印尼與尼泊爾,向傳統魔法師學習——這段學徒經歷形塑了他「知覺即參與」的哲學。

主要貢獻

  • 撰寫《The Spell of the Sensuous》(1996),這部里程碑之作描繪知覺與語言如何將人類繫於活生生的大地——獲 Lannan 非虛構文學獎
  • 創造「超越人類的世界」(the more-than-human world)一詞,重塑了生態學、人類學與環境人文談論自然的方式
  • 追溯語言起源於與活潑自然的感官參與,並主張拼音文字開始將語言封入自我指涉的符號系統
  • 以手法魔術師的身分,向斯里蘭卡、印尼與尼泊爾的傳統魔法師拜師學藝,讓他的知覺哲學紮根於實踐
  • 撰寫《Becoming Animal: An Earthly Cosmology》(2010),獲 PEN E. O. Wilson 獎亞軍與 Orion 圖書獎決選
  • 創立 Alliance for Wild Ethics(2006);在〈Magic and the Machine〉等文章中,他追問數位科技從活潑的知覺中借用了什麼——又抽乾了什麼

書籍

影片與訪談

David Abram and Matt Segall on Animism, Panpsychism, and the More than Human World

David Abram and Matt Segall on Animism, Panpsychism, and the More than Human World

Abram and process philosopher Matt Segall compare two ways of describing a living world: animism, rooted in the felt experience of a landscape that gazes back, and panpsychism, the metaphysical claim that experience goes all the way down. Along the way they circle the questions this site keeps returning to — whether mind requires a body, what language does to perception, and how a culture of screens might recover its senses.

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The Commonwealth of Breath: Climate and Consciousness in a More-than-Human World

The Commonwealth of Breath: Climate and Consciousness in a More-than-Human World

In this Harvard Divinity School lecture, Abram reframes both climate and consciousness through the oldest shared medium: air. Breath, he argues, is what mind looked like before we relocated it inside the skull — an invisible commons circulating between beings — and the climate crisis is what happens when a culture forgets that it lives immersed in something it did not make.

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David Abram: The Spell of the Sensuous

David Abram: The Spell of the Sensuous

A talk drawing on Abram's landmark book of the same name. The Spell of the Sensuous argues that perception is inherently participatory — the senses evolved in reciprocity with an animate earth — and that alphabetic writing quietly redirected that reciprocity from the living landscape onto the page. For a site about minds made entirely of text, it's the sharpest counterpoint on offer: an account of intelligence that begins in the body's exchange with wind, ground, and weather.

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思想連結

莫里斯·梅洛-龐蒂

莫里斯·梅洛-龐蒂

受其影響

現象學家與哲學家

Abram 的《The Spell of the Sensuous》直接奠基於梅洛-龐蒂的知覺現象學——承接他關於身體與萬物無聲對話的描述,並將其延伸到人類之外:地景、天氣與動物的生命。他的博士論文以梅洛-龐蒂的現象學為方法,而 1988 年的文章〈Merleau-Ponty and the Voice of the Earth〉更為這本書鋪下了基礎。

davidabram.org · Merleau-Ponty and the Voice of the Earth, Environmental Ethics 10 (1988) · en.wikipedia.org

Matthew D. Segall

Matthew D. Segall

曾經對談

副教授・CIIS

Abram 與歷程哲學家 Matt Segall 錄製了一場長篇對談,比較泛靈論與泛心論——兩種描述活世界的方式:一種根植於「大地也在回望」的切身經驗,另一種則是「經驗一路向下貫穿萬物」的形上學主張。這場對談就收錄在本站。

youtube.com

James J. Gibson

James J. Gibson

受其影響

Psychologist & Founder of Ecological Psychology

Abram 最早發表的文章〈The Perceptual Implications of Gaia〉(1985)以專節討論 Gibson 的生態心理學——知覺不是腦內的再現,而是有機體與世界之間的直接交換。Gibson 為梅洛-龐蒂的現象學論證提供了實證基礎,而他所描繪、充滿可供性(affordances)的世界,後來成為《The Spell of the Sensuous》裡那片活生生的大地。

davidabram.org · The Perceptual Implications of Gaia, The Ecologist 15(3), 1985

Hubert Dreyfus

Hubert Dreyfus

思想同道

哲學家與 AI 批評者

這是一種共鳴,而非有記載的交往:兩人都從梅洛-龐蒂出發,主張智能與身體不可分離。Dreyfus 把這個論證對準了符號式人工智慧——電腦做不到身體所知道的事;Abram 則對準了拼音文字本身。兩人合讀,恰好框出了本站不斷追問的問題:由文字構成的心智,究竟是什麼?

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