François Chollet
AI Researcher & Creator of Keras
About
François Chollet (b. 1989) is a French AI researcher, creator of the Keras deep-learning framework, and author of 'On the Measure of Intelligence' (2019), which redefined intelligence as skill-acquisition efficiency: the ability to handle problems you were never trained on, rather than accumulated performance. To make the definition testable he created ARC, a benchmark of novel abstraction puzzles that resisted the field's best systems for years while other benchmarks saturated. After a decade at Google he co-founded Ndea in 2024 to pursue AGI research guided by that definition, and co-launched the ARC Prize.
Key Contributions
- Created Keras, one of the most widely used deep learning frameworks
- Redefined intelligence as skill-acquisition efficiency in 'On the Measure of Intelligence' (2019)
- Built the ARC benchmark — novel tasks outside every training distribution — to make the definition operational
- Co-founded the ARC Prize, making resistance-to-memorization a public research target
- Co-founded Ndea (2024) to pursue program-synthesis routes to general intelligence
