What is knowing?

We know more than we can tell. Knowing is a skillful, personal act — most of it tacit.

Split knowing from stating, decades before machines that consume only what was stated.

The Tacit Dimension1966

Justified true belief is not knowledge — here are two counterexamples.

Broke a 2,300-year-old definition in three pages. The archetype of philosophical sharpening.

Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?1963

Knowing comes in four kinds — propositional, procedural, perspectival, participatory — and only the first fits in sentences.

A map of exactly what a text-trained system can and cannot inherit.

Relevance Realization and the Emerging Framework in Cognitive Science2012